6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)和脱落酸(ABA)对大麦Na+、K+选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的调节

用6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)和脱落酸(ABA)配合400 mmol/L NaCl定位涂抹盆栽C3植物大麦的穗和上位叶片,分析了植物体激素水平的局部改变对叶片盐胁迫下整株水平上Na 、K 和游离脯氨酸分配的调节作用。结果表明,用BA或ABA处理上位叶片或穗后,有效地缓解了盐胁迫对大麦生长的抑制。大麦根和冠中的Na 含量均有增加的趋势,冠中Na 含量增加幅度更大;冠中的Na 主要是从叶片向叶鞘、茎和穗中运输积累,穗中Na 的积累最显著。各处理下大麦根和冠中K 的含量变化很小,但上位叶鞘中K 的含量也有所增加。用BA和ABA均有利于增强盐胁迫下游离脯氨酸向大麦穗中的运输积累,其中BA能有效提高冠层中的游离脯氨酸含量,表明穗中Na 、K 和脯氨酸的分布格局不仅受自身激素平衡的调节,而且也受植株其他部位激素水平的调节。     

鱼油对仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响

本试验研究了鱼油对断奶仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响.选用32头(28±3)日龄、体重(8.91±0.74)kg的杜洛克×长白×大白仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头猪,1公1母.采用双因子设计,主因子包括:1)饲粮处理(5%鱼油或5%玉米油);2)免疫应激[注射脂多糖(LPS)或...     

Cytokine expression, glucocorticoid and growth hormone changes after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated naturally exposed pigs

The objective of this paper was to study the changes of some cytokines and neuroendocrine hormones in vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs that were naturally infected by a PRRSV-1 (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) heterologous field strain. We analyzed gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6), pro-immune (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in PBMC, as well as hormonal (GH and cortisol) levels in blood samples of pigs obtained in a field trial previously reported [Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, et al. Efficacy of a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 2009;27:3788-99]. All vaccinated pigs showed an increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokine gene expression with respect to controls and a prompt increase in GH that could be consistently associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in sustaining innate immunity; moreover, the higher levels of cortisol indicates the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response. In contrast, unvaccinated pigs showed down-regulation of the cortisol and GH responses, and the pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokines remained at a basal or low level, with an increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in association with a higher level of IL-10 in the late phase of natural infection. The associated trends of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines together with the cortisol level demonstrate that a previous vaccination promotes an early immune responsiveness in pigs and a more efficient control of inflammation in the late phase of infection with a heterologous PRRSV isolate; both events could sustain clinical protection.     

鸵鸟主要性激素分泌规律的研究

本研究旨在观察鸵鸟一年中激素分泌规律与发情行为的相关性,为采精和输精掌握最准确的时间,采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定样品中促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌激素(E2)和睾酮(T)的浓度水平。结果表明:①雌鸵鸟血浆内FSH水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化,从11月开始上升,12、2、7月中出现3个明显的分泌波峰,峰值分别为114.354、130.168和144.375 mIU/mL,6月中旬达到全年中最低22.312 mIU/mL;②E2水平在1~5月都呈缓慢上升趋势,在7月突然下降到最低(18.874 pg/mL),9月达全年最高峰(367.285 pg/mL);③雄鸵鸟血浆睾酮(T)浓度从1~6月一直呈上升趋势,6月达到较高水平(121.473 ng/dL),8月达到全年中最低(77.166 pg/dL),到10月中旬达到全年最高(138.562 ng/dL);鸵鸟血浆内FSH、E2及T的浓度水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化与发情表现趋于一致。     

珍稀濒危植物青岛老鹤草扦插繁殖研究

对珍稀濒危植物青岛老鹳草扦插繁殖技术进行研究。结果表明:基质、激素及其浓度、浸蘸时间对青岛老鹳草叶插、茎插生根效果有显著影响;叶插最优组合为:珍珠岩作基质,在IBA 100mg/L中浸蘸5s;茎插最优组合为:基质为草炭:素沙(1:1),在国光生根粉200mg/L中浸蘸15s。     

与甜瓜性别分化相关植物激素生物合成途径分析

甜瓜性别分化是由多因素构成的一个复杂的网络系统调控,受到多种环境因素及激素水平的影响。本研究利用甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)WI 998×TopMark 构建重组自交系群体,通过第二代高通量测序技术对F2S6群体中雌雄异花同株及全雌系植株的转录组测序,比较差异表达基因,分析与性别差异表达相关的植物激素合成途径。结果显示,雌雄异花同株获得77376 条 Unigenes,平均长度为 435 bp;全雌系转录组测序获得 80 825 条 unigenes,平均长度为 509 bp。比较雌雄异花同株与全雌系转录组,发现共有 8966个基因差异表达,4 296 个基因下调,4 670 个基因上调。对差异基因进行基因本体论(GO)功能分类,发现2 352 条 Unigenes 归入到生物学过程,4 107 条 Unigenes 归入到细胞学过程,2 507 条 Unigenes 归入到分子功能。差异表达基因共参与 121 个 Pathway,发现赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)合成途径中 GA3 - 氧合成酶(GA3-ox)(MU3674)、GA7- 氧化酶(GA7-ox)(MU36987)、GA2- 氧化酶(GA2-ox)(MU13098/MU13099)、GA20-氧化酶(GA20-ox)和 GA2- 氧化酶(GA2-ox)(MU33020)等基因差异表达;共有 38 个基因在脱落酸(abscisicacid, ABA)合成途径中差异表达,其中 19 个上调,19 个下调;油菜素内酯(brassinolide, BR)合成途径中,MU22012 (cytochrome P450),MU26893 (cytochrome P450) 基因上调 ,MU56098 (cytochrome P450,CYP724B3),MU76596(CYP724A1)下调。本研究还发现参与甜瓜性别表达,分别与赤霉素、脱落酸、油菜素内酯及玉米素等多种激素合成、信号传导等代谢途径相关。研究结果为分析甜瓜决定性别分化的可能机理,为下一步研究甜瓜性别修饰基因的克隆,提供重要依据。     

胡萝卜内源激素含量分布与畸裂肉质根形成的关系

为深入揭示内源激素对高原夏季胡萝卜肉质根发育的调控作用,以"岐山透心红"的开裂和畸形肉质根为材料,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),研究分析了内源激素含量分布与开裂和畸形胡萝卜肉质根形成的关系。结果表明,迅速膨大中期,与正常肉质根相比,开裂肉质根中外层或外层内源GA3、GA4、ZR、DHZR和IAA含量较低;畸形肉质根纵向内源GA4、ZR和DHZR含量分布呈尾端优势,而GA3、ABA和IAA含量呈均匀分布态势。至迅速膨大末期,开裂肉质根中外层或外层内源GA3、GA4、ABA和IAA含量较低,畸形肉质根纵横向内源激素含量呈均匀分布态势。内源激素含量空间分布的改变可诱导开裂和畸形肉质根的形成。     

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.     

半胱胺在水产动物中的应用

随着人们对动物产品安全性的关注,过去广泛使用的促生长剂,尤其是抗生素类以及化学合成药物类不断受到质疑。半胱胺作为一种调控神经内分泌系统生长抑素的抑制剂,成为新型促生长剂类的研究热点。